Biologically Active Components of Ganoderma lucidum and Its Antiproliferation Action on the Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes

Abstract：The traditional medicinal efficacies of Ganoderma lucidum are treatments of hepatopathy, nephritis, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, arthritis, neurasthenia, insomnia, bronchitis, asthma, gastric ulcer, arteriosclerosis and diabetes. Some of these efficacies, such as cytotoxicity on hepatoma cell, inhibition of platelet aggregation, antihypertension, hypocholesterolemic activity, inhibition of histamine release, and anti-HIV activity were scientifically proved to be true by virtue of isolation of the corresponding components.Although various components such as polysaccharides, proteins, minerals and sterols have been reported from this mushroom, triterpenoids are mainly responsible for the biological activities. More than 120 triterpenoids were reported in this medicinal fungus during the last three decades, there is a need to review most of the structures reported and their medicinal activities. The lanostane-type triterpenoids were divided into 10 groups according to their structural similarities and the known biological and medicinal activities were described in this article.There are few reports on the direct immunomodulating effects of this mushroom on human peripheral blood immunocompetent cells.For elucidation of the immunosuppressive mechanism of this mushroom, a methanolic extract of its basidiocarps was fractionated into six parts. When each of the six fractions was applied to the adherent and nonadherent cells of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), proliferative arrest was observed and growth arrest was stronger in the non adherent cells than in the adherent cells. As the chloroform fraction of the fungus (GLE) arrested most strongly, it was further purified by silica gel column chromatography into seven subfractions. Among them, GLE1 fraction, the highest Rf value fraction, inhibited cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. Anti proliferative activity of the GLE1 fraction was also observed in human allogeneic mixed lymphocyte culture(MLS). When secreted interleukin-2 (IL-2) of the culture supernatant of the MLC was measured by ELISA, the GLE1 fraction was found to inhibit IL-2 secretion, which was comparable to the effect of the GLE1 fraction blocked IL-2 secretion. The GLE1 fraction of G. lucidum therefore may have the potential to be developed into an immunomodulating agent.

Keywords：Ganoderma lucidum; Ganoderma lucidum extract (GLE); inhibition; human peripheral blood lymphocytes(PBMCs)

灵芝的生物活性组分及其抑制人体外周血淋巴细胞繁殖的研究

Shim Mi Ja　 Kim Ha Won　 Kim Byong Kak　

摘　要：传统药用灵芝主要是用来医治肝病,肾炎,高血压,高血脂,关节炎,神经衰落,失眠,支气管炎,哮喘,胃溃疡,动脉硬化和糖尿病等.另外,灵芝的一些组分还有一些新发现的功效,如对肝细胞瘤的细胞毒害作用,抑制血小板的凝聚作用,消除紧张,降低胆固醇,阻止组胺的释放和抗艾滋病毒等.尽管在这种真菌中发现了很多中活性物质,如多糖、蛋白质、矿物质和甾醇等,但三萜系化合物是主要的活性成分.在过去的30年中发现120多种三萜系化合物,有必要对这些物质的活性及其结果作出总结.根据羊毛甾烷类三萜系化合物的结构和它们已知的生物学和药学功效可以分为10个类型,本文就此做了一些阐述.有关灵芝促进人体免疫能力的报道还不多.为了阐明灵芝的免疫抑制力的机制,自子实体中的萃取的甲醇抽取物可以分成6个组分,并把它们逐个加到人体血液外围单核细胞(PBMCs)中,发现在无粘附性细胞中,它们可以在细胞繁殖和生长时捕获细胞,但在粘附性的细胞上活性较差,用氯仿萃取物的活性更强,这种活性物质进一步硅胶柱纯化后,可分为7个亚组分.它们当中,GLE1,具有最高的迁移值(Rf值),在一定浓度下可以抑制细胞繁殖,该组分也可以抑制人体异源的淋巴细胞培养物(MLS).用ELISA检测培养液上清液中分泌的白细胞素-2(IL-2),可以发现GLE1组分可以抑制白细胞素IL-2的分泌,几乎完全阻断了IL-2的分泌.因此,GLE1也许可以发展成为一种灵芝调节剂.

关键词：灵芝; 灵芝提取物; 抑制; 人体外周血淋巴细胞

CLC Number：S567.3+1:R967

Author Resume：Shim Mi Ja,female,professor.Address:Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 130-743

Author Unit：Shim Mi Ja（Department of Life Science,University of Seoul,Seoul 130-743）　

　　　　　Kim Ha Won（Department of Life Science,University of Seoul,Seoul 130-743）　

　　　　　Kim Byong Kak（College of Pharmacy,Seoul National University,Seoul 151-742,Korea）　

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2004 Vol.23 No.1